Material Properties:
Hardness:
Sapphire (Al₂O₃) achieves Mohs 9 hardness (second only to diamond), with far superior wear resistance compared to quartz, making it ideal for high mechanical stress applications.
Thermal Stability:
Melting point up to 2045°C, with an ultra-low thermal expansion coefficient (~5×10⁻⁶/K), ensuring stability across a broad temperature range (-50°C to 200°C).
Chemical Inertness:
Resistant to acids, alkalis, and salt spray corrosion, suitable for harsh environments.
Optical Performance:
Excellent transmittance (190nm–5.5μm), covering UV to mid-infrared wavelengths, ideal for optical windows and laser components.
Refractive index:
1.76–1.77; slight birefringence requires control via crystal orientation (e.g., "zero-degree" cut).
